Got a terrier? That feisty little bundle of energy that seems convinced something interesting is happening just beneath the surface of your lawn? Ever watched them zero in on a rustle in the bushes with an intensity that borders on obsession? That, right there, is the heart of a terrier – bred for generations to be fearless, tenacious, and absolutely driven to go to ground after vermin. While most of our beloved terriers are now cherished companions rather than full-time pest controllers, that deep-seated instinct remains. And that’s where the exciting world of Earthdog trials comes in.
Think of it as a way for your terrier (or Dachshund, as they are also eligible!) to tap into their ancestral roots in a safe, controlled, and incredibly fun environment. Earthdog isn’t about actual hunting; it’s a sport designed to test the natural abilities these breeds possess: locating quarry underground, following tunnels, and indicating the quarry’s presence, usually by barking or digging. It’s a celebration of their heritage and a fantastic outlet for their unique drives.
What Exactly Happens at an Earthdog Trial?
Imagine a simulated underground den. These aren’t haphazard holes in the ground, but rather man-made tunnels, typically constructed from wooden liners buried underground. They are usually ten feet long for introductory levels and thirty feet for more advanced tests, and about nine inches square – just enough room for a small terrier or Dachshund to navigate. The goal is for the dog to enter the den, follow the scent path, and locate the “quarry” hidden safely at the very end.
Now, about that quarry. Let’s be clear: the quarry is always safe. In sanctioned trials, typically two rats are used, and they are housed securely within a cage made of wooden bars or heavy wire mesh. This cage protects them completely from the dog. The dog’s job is not to harm the quarry, but to find it and “work” it – showing sustained interest through barking, digging, or lunging at the cage for a specific period. The rats are usually accustomed to the dogs and the trial environment, often seeming quite unbothered by the commotion just outside their cage.
The whole setup mimics, in a simplified way, the task these dogs were originally bred for: locating foxes, badgers, or other burrowing animals in their dens so they could be dealt with by farmers or hunters. Today, it’s purely a sport, a test of instinct and training.
A Glimpse into History: Why Terriers Dig
Understanding Earthdog requires appreciating the terrier’s past. The name “terrier” itself comes from the Latin word ‘terra’, meaning earth. These dogs were developed, primarily in the British Isles, as determined vermin hunters. Farmers and landowners needed tough, courageous dogs small enough to go underground into dens but brave enough to confront formidable opponents like foxes or badgers. Breeds like the Jack Russell, Border Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Norfolk Terrier, Norwich Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, Scottish Terrier, Smooth and Wire Fox Terriers, Lakeland Terriers, Welsh Terriers, and even Dachshunds (who hunted badgers, ‘dachs’ being German for badger) were perfected for this specific, gritty job.
Their characteristic traits – high energy, tenacity, independence, vocal tendencies, and that unwavering determination – were essential for their work. They had to locate the den, squeeze inside, navigate dark tunnels, corner the quarry, and often alert the humans above ground. Earthdog trials honour this history by providing a venue for these instincts to be expressed and evaluated.
Is Your Dog Cut Out for Earthdog?
While the sport is designed for specific breeds known for their “go-to-ground” heritage, not every individual dog of those breeds will instantly take to it. However, most terriers and Dachshunds possess the core instincts. Key requirements include:
- Eligible Breed: Primarily terrier breeds and Dachshunds recognised by the kennel club sanctioning the event (like the AKC – American Kennel Club or CKC – Canadian Kennel Club).
- Instinct: Does your dog show interest in small animals? Do they dig? Do they investigate holes? These are good signs.
- Temperament: While tenacity is valued, dogs must be manageable and not aggressive towards people. They work closely with judges and stewards.
- Confidence: Entering a dark, confined tunnel takes a bit of nerve. Some dogs need encouragement, others dive right in.
- Basic Obedience: While complex commands aren’t needed in the tunnel, the dog needs to be controllable on the grounds and reasonably well-behaved around other dogs and people.
Don’t worry if your dog seems hesitant at first. Many successful Earthdogs start unsure but build confidence with positive exposure and training.
The Levels of Earthdog Competition
Earthdog trials typically have several levels, progressing in difficulty. This allows dogs and handlers to start small and build skills and confidence. The main levels, often following the AKC model, are:
Introduction to Quarry (IQ)
This is the starting point, designed purely to see if the dog has the basic instinct. It’s non-competitive, meaning you don’t compete against other dogs, just against the standard. The dog is introduced to the quarry (rats safely in their cage) above ground first to gauge interest. Then, they are brought to the entrance of a short, straight ten-foot tunnel with the caged rats at the end. The handler can encourage the dog to enter. The dog simply needs to move within a certain distance of the quarry within a set time (usually two minutes). It’s all about seeing that spark of interest and willingness to enter the den.
Junior Earthdog (JE)
This is the first competitive title level. The tunnel is longer, typically 30 feet, and includes at least one 90-degree turn. The dog has 90 seconds from being released at the entrance to reach the quarry at the end of the tunnel. Once there, the dog must “work” the quarry (bark, dig, lunge at the cage) continuously for 60 seconds. The handler waits out of sight at the entrance. This tests the dog’s ability to navigate a simple tunnel independently and show sustained interest in the quarry.
Senior Earthdog (SE)
Things get more challenging here. The dog must navigate a more complex 30-foot tunnel system with three 90-degree turns within 90 seconds. Upon reaching the quarry, they must work it actively for 90 seconds. But there’s a twist! Before even entering the main den, the dog must pass through a “false exit” and a “false den entrance” without leaving the designated search area – simulating a more realistic den system where not every tunnel leads to the prize. A key difference is also the introduction of a “recall.” After successfully working the quarry, the handler calls the dog back out of the den from the entrance. The dog must come out within 90 seconds to pass.
Master Earthdog (ME)
This is the highest level, testing seasoned Earthdogs and handlers. The setup simulates a hunt scenario more closely. Two dogs are involved (the “brace”). They are released near the den entrance (often off-leash, depending on the specific rules and site safety) and must locate the entrance themselves within 90 seconds. Once a dog enters, it follows the 30-foot, three-turn tunnel to the quarry. The dog must reach the quarry within 90 seconds and work it for 90 seconds. While the first dog works, the handler must point out the tunnel entrance to the judge and then recall their dog after the work is complete. The second dog then gets its turn. This level tests hunting partnership, obedience (finding the entrance, recalling from the quarry), and stamina.
Verified Information: Earthdog trials place paramount importance on the safety and well-being of the quarry. The rats are housed in sturdy, protective cages designed to prevent any physical contact with the dogs. Event organizers and judges ensure the rats are handled humanely, given breaks, and are not unduly stressed. These practices ensure the sport remains ethical and focuses solely on testing the dog’s natural instincts.
Getting Your Paws Dirty: How to Start
Intrigued? Think your terrier would love this? Getting started is easier than you might think.
- Find a Club: Look for local terrier breed clubs or specific Earthdog clubs in your area. National kennel club websites (like the AKC) often have event calendars and club directories. These clubs are invaluable resources, offering training days, practice sessions, and sanctioned trials.
- Attend a Practice or Trial (Without Your Dog First): Go watch! See how things run, talk to handlers, observe the dogs. It’s the best way to understand the atmosphere and requirements before you dive in with your own dog.
- Introduction and Training: Many clubs offer “Introduction to Quarry” tests or practice sessions perfect for beginners. Start with short, straight tunnels and lots of positive reinforcement. Let your dog investigate the tunnel entrance. Encourage them with praise. You can even build a simple practice tunnel above ground using sturdy cardboard boxes or wood.
- Focus on Fun: Keep training sessions short and positive. It should be an exciting game for your dog. Never force a dog into a tunnel if they are genuinely scared. Build confidence gradually.
- Work on Recall: Especially if you aim for Senior or Master levels, a reliable recall is crucial. Practice calling your dog away from exciting things.
- Enter an Event: Once your dog shows interest and confidence, enter an Introduction to Quarry or Junior Earthdog test. Don’t worry about perfection; the goal is participation and letting your dog do what comes naturally.
Why Bother with Burrows? The Benefits of Earthdog
Participating in Earthdog trials offers numerous benefits for both dog and owner:
- Instinct Fulfillment: It provides a safe, appropriate outlet for deeply ingrained behaviours, leading to a more satisfied and often better-behaved terrier at home.
- Mental and Physical Stimulation: Navigating tunnels and working quarry is mentally challenging and physically engaging for these active breeds.
- Bonding: Training and competing together strengthens the relationship between you and your dog. You become a team.
- Fun and Socialization: Trials are social events. You’ll meet other passionate terrier/Dachshund owners, share stories, and celebrate your dogs’ unique talents.
- Confidence Building: Successfully navigating the tunnels and working the quarry can significantly boost a dog’s confidence.
- Titles and Recognition: Earning Earthdog titles (JE, SE, ME) is a rewarding way to recognise your dog’s natural abilities and your training efforts.
Earthdog is more than just a competition; it’s a connection to your dog’s heritage and a fantastic way to channel their unique terrier (or Dachshund) spirit. If you have one of these special breeds, exploring the world of Earthdog could open up a whole new level of fun and understanding for you both. Give it a look – you might just discover your little digger is a natural-born Earthdog!
